Immigrants to Canada

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Extracts From the Immigration Report of 1883

In the Sessional Papers of 47 Victoria 1884 (14) is the annual Immigration Report from the various Agents. These are extractions from that report.

The following statement shows the number of immigrants, chiefly children, brought to Canada under the auspices of charitable societies and individuals, during the last five years: -

---	1879	1880	1881	1882	1883
Earl of Shaftesbury	-	-	-	-	35
Miss Bilborough	-	132	97	70	189
Miss Macpherson	101	128	98	204	197
Mr. Middlemore	60	44	61	74	125
Miss Rye	94	33	117	121	159
East London Family Emigration Fund of Hon. Mrs Hobart	-	-	39	-	-
Children's Home, London	-	-	-	39	-
Rev. M. Nugent, Liverpool	-	-	35	44	-
South Dublin Union	-	28	37	82	-
Rev. Mr. Stevenson	28	22	44	-	42
Catholic Protective Society, Liverpool	-	-	-	30	100
Kingswood Reformatory, Bristol	-	11	-	-	-
Mrs. Birt	61	144	70	120	108
Mr. Quarrier, Glasgow	134	-	-	-	-
Rev. Mr. Stephenson, Children's Home, Hamilton	-	-	-	41	-
Sisters of Mercy, Loughrea	-	10	-	-	-
Mulligan Union	-	39	-	-	-
Ballyshanan Union	-	14	-	-	-
Old Castle Union	-	7	9	-	-
Cardinal Manning, Dublin	-	51	88	72	62
Miss Kennedy, Dublin	-	9	-	-	-
Carrick Shannon Union	-	-	8	-	-
Boys' Agricultural School, London	-	-	6	-	-
Friends' Mission, Dublin	-	-	6	-	-
Mr. Meredith, London	-	-	12	-	-
Boys' Farm School, Birmingham	-	-	-	2	-
Rev. Mr. Wood, London	-	-	-	11	-
Mrs Cadle, of Kent	-	-	-	18	-
Lord A. Douglas	-	-	-	40	-
Tralee Convent	-	-	-	13	-
Dr. Barnardo, London	-	-	-	56	173
Mohill Union, Leitrim	-	-	-	10	-
Preston board Guardians	-	-	-	-	-
Totals	478	672	727	1,048	1,218

The whole of the immigrants who enter Canada by sea now come by steamers, this class of ships having driven sailing vessels completely out of the field, as respects this transport. The average time of the mail steamers from Liverpool was 9ž days and from Londonderry, 8ž days; that of the Dominion Line from Liverpool, 11˝ days, and from Belfast, 10˝; that of the Temperleys, from London to Quebec, 14ž days; and that of the Glasgow steamers, 12 days; Beaver Line from Liverpool, 11 days, and from Belfast, 10; Ross' London Line, 14 days; Bristol Line from Bristol, 12˝ days; White Cross Line from Antwerp, 17 days.

Assisted passages were granted during the year at the rate of Ł4 stg. for labourers, and Ł2 10s. for female domestic servants and families of agricultural labourers. For agricultural labourers without families, there was a special rate of Ł3 stg.

During the winter of 1882, Major Gaskell visited Canada on behalf of the Irish Emigration Commissioners, in order to make an arrangement for the settlement for a certain number of Irish families from the congested districts in the south and west of Ireland, during the summer. Mr. Hogdkin, accompanied by Father Nugent, on behalf of of [sic] Mr. Tukes' Committee, also visited Canada with the same object in view. These two went to Manitoba, where they made arrangements with the Catholic authorities for the settlement of a certain number of families in that Province. All these gentlemen also visited Toronto, and reported that they had made arrangements with the Ontario Government, assisted by the Catholic authorities, for the distribution and settlement of a number of Irish families within the Province of Ontario. These gentlemen also visited other Provinces in the Dominion, having the same object in view, making arrangements for the settlement of an many Irish families as they learned, could, with prudence, be taken.

On the visit of these gentlemen to the Department, I informed them that the most favourable facilities which were offered to other immigrants, would be extended to the Irish immigrants they proposed to send. Major Gaskell also desired that a special Irish Agent should be placed on the trains to receive and give advice to these families in passing through, such Agent to speak the Irish language. He further desired that the salary of such Agent should be paid by the Commissioners; the selection, however, to be made by the Minister of Agriculture. Further, he desired that there should also be a female Agent with the same qualifications, in order to see to the special needs of the women. In accordance with this request, and agreement to pay salaries, Mr. Hoolohan and Miss Phelan, were selected by me for that duty during the summer.

As a consequence of these arrangements, as else where stated in this Report, there was a special Irish immigration of 6,359 distributed over the Dominion. By far the greater number of those immigrants settled among the population, and have done well, many of them earning large wages. A number, however, of those sent, had a disinclination to settle in the country parts, but preferred to remain at Toronto, where they were joined by some others, until a total number of 106 men, 117 women, and 454 children congregated in that city and required assistance from the local charities.

All labourers, whether Irish or other, able and willing to work, found employment at remunerative wages during the summer, and the demand for labour could not be satisfied by the available supply. The works of the Canadian Pacific Railway required a very large number of labourers, and several thousands were brought in by the contractors from the United States by means of local agencies.

A number of gentlemen from the Continent of Europe and the United Kingdom visited Canada during the year for the purpose of satisfying themselves as respects the extent of its resources. Among those were Mr. Spiëlberg, a member of the German Parliament, who has since published a report of his observations; Professor Tanner, Director of Education under the Institute of Agriculture, South Kensington, who has also published a valuable report of his observations; the Rev. Messrs. Bridger and Cooper; Dr. Sering, a Professor of the German University of Bonn, who had a commission from the German Government to report upon the resources of the Continent of North America, in relation to its capability of supplying meats and cereals; also the prince Hohenlohe, Count Gleichen and Lord Castletown, who visited the older Provinces and went to the North-West, as far as the Rocky Mountains. Lord Castletown wrote an interesting letter, descriptive of his visit, to the Times. There were also Messrs. Williams and Owen, delegates from the Welsh Quarrymens' Union; Mr. Auguste Vermond, member of the French House, and several members of the press and other gentlemen, who made reports of their several visits.

A very considerable number of publications, having for object to make known the suitability of Canada as a field for European settlement, was circulated through the Department and its various officers during the year. Several of the transportation companies also issued a very considerable number of publications during the year; the combined effect of all of which has been to make Canada very much better known in the United Kingdom, and also on the Continent, than heretofore.

It is confidently believed that the favourable rate of inland transport, from the seaboard to Manitoba and the North-West, will very materially affect the movement of immigration to those portions of the Dominion. The rate proposed from the seaboard-that is, from the ports of Quebec and New York, respectively, to Manitoba, during the season of navigation, will be $12, against the previously prevailing rate of about $30. This facility, together with the favourable arrangements which have been made on the Continent, and the state of forwardness of railway construction in the North-West will, it is believed, very much increase the stream of immigration to that portion of the Dominion.
It is, however, my duty to point out that the agitation which has taken place within the Provinces, and particularly in Manitoba, for political purposes, which has not scrupled among its means to make statements unfavourable to immigration, may have the effect of producing a check to the anticipated stream of immigration referred to in the preceding paragraph. The injurious effect of the kind of outcry that has been raised, has been represented to me by Ocean Steamship Companies as being adverse to their business.

I think it is proper for me to point out, that it is not alone in the services rendered to the cattle trade that the efforts of Sir Charles Tupper, as High Commissioner, have been of great value to the Dominion. As directing emigration form the United Kingdom and also the Continent, his work has been greatly valuable; and especially in reference to the arrangements made by him on the Continent and in Ireland.
The High Commissioner for Canada, Sir Charles Tupper, has been aided during the past year by the same Emigration Agents of the Department in the United Kingdom as in 1882, namely, Mr. John Dyke, Liverpool; Mr. Thomas Grahame, Glasgow; Mr. Charles Foy, Belfast; Mr. Thomas Connolly, Dublin, and Mr. J.W. Down, Bristol. On the European Continent, Dr. Otto Hahn, of Reutlingen, has continued to act as Agent in Germany.

I have again caused an enquiry to be made into the alleged emigration from Canada at the point of Port Huron, in view of the large figures which have been published by the Untied States Bureau of Statistics, at Washington. A report of the Secretary of this Department, published as an annex herewith, shows the erroneousness of the figures to which I have referred.

Mr. Stafford, the Agent at Quebec, states that the total arrivals of 1883, at that port, showed an increase of 1,116 over the previous year. The usual tables of occupations, destinations and other information in detailed form are embodied in his report. The work of the Quebec Agency was considerably increased by the arrival and disposal of a large number of Irish assisted immigrants, the total number being 6,359. Of these, 1,807 were sent out under the auspices of Mr. Tuke's Fund, whilst the rest came from various Irish Unions. A sum of money was remitted from Ireland to Mr. Stafford, to enable him to pay an equivalent of Ł1 sterling per adult to the Irish assisted immigrants on their landing. Mr. Stafford reports the immigrants as healthy and of the usual classes; that there was a fair demand for mechanics and navvies...

The following table gives the number of immigrants assisted to emigrate by various societies during, the year 1883:--

Date	Vessel	By Whom Sent	Males	Females	Children	Infants	Total
April 25	Sarmatian	Miss Macpherson	35	-	30	-	65
do 28	Prussian	Miss Bilborouth	25	3	74	-	102
May 8	Circassian	Mrs. Birt	-	1	6	-	7
do 14	Polnesian	Earl of Shaftesbury	35	-	-	-	35
do 21	Peruvian	Catholic Protective Society, Liverpool	3	-	60	2	65
do 28	Sarmatian	Miss Macpherson	26	3	23	-	52
do 29	Toronto	Dr. Stephenson's Home, London	24	-	18	-	42
June 10	Sardinian	Mrs. Birt	6	23	53	15	97
do 10	do	Cardinal Manning	19	4	10	1	34
do 10	do	Miss Rye	-	21	88	-	109
do 18	Circassian	Mr. Middlemore, Birmingham	8	5	107	5	125
do 18	do	Miss Macpherson	4	22	35	4	65
do 19	Buenos Ayrean	Miss Bilborough	2	5	66	14	87
do 25	Polynesian	Dr. Barnardo, London	1	39	61	-	101
July 21	Sardinian	do	2	13	55	2	72
do 24	Somerset	Miss Macpherson	-	1	11	3	15
do 29	Circassian	Mrs. Birt	1	-	3	-	4
Sept 1	Sardinian	Cardinal Manning	21	4	2	1	28
Sept 17	Polynesian	Catholic Protective Society, Liverpool	1	3	30	1	35
do 23	Dominion	Preston Board of Guardians, Catholic children	-	1	27	-	28
do 29	Parisian	Miss Rye	1	11	38	-	50

By various Irish Unions and Mr. Tuke's Fund, during the Season.

Unions	Males	Females	Children	Infants	Total
Ballina	16	20	6	9	51
Ballinasloe	22	32	13	10	77
Ballyshannon	12	9	17	5	43
Ballyvaughan	28	18	19	10	75
Boyle	23	32	34	14	103
Carrick on Shannon	34	28	28	23	113
Castlarea	65	54	43	30	192
Claremorris	1	2	-	-	3
Donegal	4	2	3	-	9
Dremore West	13	10	5	5	22
Danfanaghy	4	3	5	5	17
	57	42	42	30	171
Galway	115	122	77	67	381
Glennamaddy	5	4	1	-	10
Glenties	2	6	-	4	12
Glian	76	58	67	39	240
Gert	16	24	21	5	66
Keamare	78	74	66	31	249
Killala	7	11	8	1	27
Killarney	60	49	35	17	161
Letterkenny	19	16	12	12	59
Laughrea	19	15	20	12	66
Manor Hamilton	7	8	14	9	38
Mahill	51	42	36	21	150
Rosscommon	24	13	6	14	57
Sligo	78	74	71	45	268
South Dublin	40	40	-	-	80
Swinford	24	26	16	7	73
St	2	1	1	-	4
Tralee	108	104	72	51	335
T	44	51	40	34	169
Tubbercurry	1	1	-	-	2
Mr. Tuke's Fund	668	599	338	202	1,807
Total from Irish Unions, &c.	1,723	1,590	1,116	712	5,141

Statement D.-Showing the number of Children received at this Agency, whom in charge of, and destination, for the Year ending 31^st December, 1883.

Date	Name of Person	Number of Children	Destination
Apr. 1 to 5	Mrs. Birt	63	Knowlton
May 15	Earl Shaftesbury	35	Hamilton
do 29	Mr. Merry	50	Galt
do 30	Mr. Robinson	43	Hamilton
June 10	Miss Rye	107	Niagara
do 11	Cardinal manning	35	Ottawa
do 26	Rev. -Fielder	100	Toronto
July 22	do	74	do
do 25	Miss McPherson	14	Galt
Sept 18	Rev. Father Nugent	35	Hamilton
do 24	do	27	Ottawa
do 29	Miss Rye	50	Niagara
	Total	633

Statement E.-List of Retail Prices of the ordinary Articles of Food and Raiment required by the Working Classes at Montreal Agency.

Provisions.	$ cts.	Clothing, &c.	$ cts.
Bacon, per lb.	0 15	Coats, under, tweed	5 00
Bread, best white, 4 lb. loaf, 20c.; brown, 6lb.	0 20	do over do	8 00 to 12 00
Butter, salt, per lb	0 25	Trousers do	3 50
do fresh do	0 30	Vests do	1 00 to 2 00
Beef, per lb., 12c.; mutton, 10c.; veal, 13c.; pork	0 30 0 11	Shirts, flannel	1 50 to 2 00
Beer, per quart, 10c	0 10	do cotton	1 00
Candles, per lb	0 10	do under, "wove"	0 75
Cheese do	0 16	Draws, wollen, "wove"	0 75
Coffee do	0 25	Hats, felt	2 50
Cornmeal, per 100 lb	3 50	Socks, worsted	0 30
Eggs, per doz	0 30	do cotton	0 25
Flour, per barrel, 1^st quality	5 75	Blankets, per pair	4 00
do do 2^nd do	5 00	Rugs	1 50
do buckwheat, per 100 lbs	2 50	Flannel, per yard	0 30 to 0 50
Fish, dry or green cod, per cwt	7 50	Cotton shirting, per yard	0 1 to 0 12
Firewood, per cord	6 50	Sheeting, per yard	0 20
Ham, per lb	0 15	Canadian cloth, per yard	0 50
do shoulders, per lb	0 15	Shoes, men's	2 50
Herrings, per barrel	4 50	do women's	2 00
Mustard, per lb	0 20	Boots, men's	3 50
Milk, per quart	0 08	do women's	2 50
Oatmeal, per 100 lbs	3 50	India rubber overshoes, men's	0 75
Pepper, per lb	0 20	do women's	0 70
Potatoes, per bushel	0 60
Rice, per lb	0 05
Soap, yellow, per lb	0 07
Sugar, brown	0 09
Salt, per bushel	0 25
Tea, black, per lb	0 50
do green do	0 50
Tobacco, per lb.	0 50

Miss Bilbrough, of Marchmont Home, Belleville, continues her good work, having brought out 186 children in April and June last, chiefly from Scotland. I find it a necessity, for the proper placing of immigrants, to thoroughly visit my district and become familiar with its labour requirements, so that when the immigrants arrive I may be in a position to place them in employment without delay. As in former years, the supply of agricultural labourers has been very far short of the demand. This has been felt more recently, owing to the large numbers who have left this district for Manitoba. The same may be said in regard to female servants. (Signed.. R. Macpherson, Government Immigration Agent -- at Kingston)

Statement D.-Showing the number of Children received in the Hamilton District of the Hamilton Agency from the Societies engaged in Emigration, for the Year ending 31^st December, 1883.

Name of Society	Boys	Girls	Total	No. remaining in the Home, Dec. 31, 1882	No. remaining in the Home, Dec. 31, 1883
Rev. Mr. Stephenson's Home	53	-	53	4	7
Miss Rye's Home	6	171	177	5	2
Miss Macpherson's Home	138	55	193	30	28
Earl Shaftsbury's Home	42	1	43	-	4
	239	227	466	39	41

Annual Report of Halifax, N.S., Immigration Agent.
(Edwin Clay)

Sir,-I have the honour herewith to submit, for your information, my Annual Report for the year ending 31^st December, 1883.

The work done at this Agency has been very similar to that of other years, and the numbers passing through about the same, or rather larger than last year, when we consider the fact, that in the spring of 1882, we had quite a number land here who were expected to have landed at Quebec, but were prevented by ice in the Gulf, and that from both the Allan and Dominion lines.

Immigrants landing here through the past year have been, in most cases, a very superior lot of people, and I would here refer particularly to the two parties brought over by Rev. John Murray to Cape Breton. But here I would direct the attention of the Department to the alarming prevalence of drunkenness among certain classes of immigrants. With regard to the lot from Ireland, referred to above, they were detained here three days, and yet they wee quite sober and very courteous, while some other lots from the west were no sooner on shore than they were drunk and quite unmanageable, one woman going so far as to strike me in the face by the way of enforcing her orders.

The coal, iron and gold mines, have all absorbed some of the past year's importations, while quite a number have been brought over for the different cotton mills and wollen[sic] manufactories, in this Province and New Brunswick, while some have settled on purchased farms, and are doing well. A number of farm hands and domestic servants have been sent to different parts of both Provinces, so that the immigrants the last year have been scattered more evenly over the two Provinces than in any previous year since I have been in charge of this Agency, they having gone in every direction from Sydney, Cape Breton, to New Denmark, in New Brunswick, a very large percentage of the whole having been brought out by their friends already here. One pleasing feature in connection with those landing here, is that out of so many passengers landing from 56 steamers, not one complaint has been entered against either officers or men, not even against the food, with one exception, while the most marked acts of kindness have been reported to me, as shown by officers and men, to the young and in firm, both on the passage and after the ship's arrival. I feel it my duty again to thank the officials of the Intercolonial Railway and the Customs Department for the very kind and genial manner (even in the most stormy and unpleasant nights on which our immigrants land) in which they do all in their power to aid myself and the travelling agents from Quebec in getting the people away as rapidly as possible, and also to the gentlemen attending to the ship's business, from messrs. Cunard & Co's office.

In the early part of the season, we had two somewhat serious accidents. One man fell between the cars at the landing, cutting his head badly, and though at first we thought he could proceed, we found it necessary to leave him under medical treatment in Truro. The other, while under the influence of liquor, fell from one of the cars as the train was leaving the station, and lost a large part of one foot, which detained him in hospital for a number of weeks. One man and an aged woman were kept for some time until they recovered from illness, the result of colds taken on the passage. These, with a number to whom I furnished medicine, &c., before leaving, while remaining in the city, and two German families, detained at the Deep Water Shed while their children were recovering from scarlet fever and measles, constituted all the sickness and accidents we have had among the 8,475 who have landed here through the past year. Among the emigrants on ship-board, there were two deaths (children), three births and one baptism.

During the past year I have visited a number of the children located by Mrs. Birt and Miss Rye, and investigated one case of abandonment, as already reported to the Department.

There has never been so great a demand for orphan children for adoption since Miss Rye and Mrs. Birt brought over the first lot of young people, as there has been in the past two years in this Province. And there is no doubt but if any of the societies now at work could establish a Home in this Province they could locate quite a large multitude of young people in good Christian homes.

In company with J. Standish Haly, Esq., Secretary of the British and Colonial Emigration Society, I visited the Spring Hill Coal Mines, where R.G. Leckie, Esq., Managing Director, did all in his power to furnish Mr. Haly with all the information at his disposal regarding the quantity and quality of those vast coal fields.

At the Londonderry Iron Mines and Steel Works, Mr. Jamme, the gentlemanly and obliging Manager did the same. Mr. Pool, Manager of the Acadia Coal Company's mines at Stellarton, Pictou County, gave Mr. Haly all the information he possibly could in the very short time at his disposal, and I desire to return my sincere thanks to those gentlemen for their great kindness to Mr. Haly and your Agent.

The total immigration for the year was 8,475, being:--
Males.......................................4,589
Females....................................2,029
Children....................................1,857
Nationalities.
English.......................................5,435
Irish.............................................1,178
Scotch.............................................237
Germans............................................54
Other Countries............................1,571
Tables (A) and (B) will show:-(A) The arrivals and departures; (B) the number of free passes granted at this Agency for year ending 31^st December, 1883.

Hoping that the above comprehends all that is necessary, all of which is respectfully submitted.

I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
Edwin Clay, Agent.
...There is a decided disinclination on the part of the Irish to entr workhouses. In nearly every case, the emigrants to Canada were able to contribute something towards the expense of their passage, and could not, in the actual meaning of the word, be called paupers. They were willing to work, if it could be obtained, but the struggle was too great. The fact that a few cases of distress, only, have arisen, in regard to those proceeding to Canada, is, in my opinion, strong evidence of the success of the arrangements that were made. The letters that have been published by the Irish Government, by Mr. Tuke, and by several gentlemen, who have taken an interest in this matter, have attracted much attention, outside of Ireland, and have done much towards placing Canada before the public, as a suitable and advantageous field for emigration. This applies, with particular force, to Ireland and I have no doubt that the number of persons proceeding to the Dominion, from that, as well as the other portions of the United Kingdom, is likely to steadily increase. The members of the Emigration Committee of the Irish Government, Major Gaskill, Mr. Redington, Captain Routledge Fair, and Mr. Ross of Bladensbury personally inspected every family, and it has been a great pleasure to me as it was to my predecessor, to co-operate with these gentlemen in their arduous duties. I must not conclude my remarks on Ireland, without mentioning the names of Mr. James Tuke, Mr. Howard Hodgkin, Mr. Sidney Buxton, M.P.; Captain Colomb, of Droumquinna; the Rev. Mr. Heany, of Sligo, and the Rev. Mr. Wynne, of Killarney, who have taken such an active interest in the matter, and have had frequent communications with me.

To pass to Scotland, you will be aware, from the dispatches I have from time to time addressed to you, that considerable distress has been experienced in the western portion of the Highlands, and the Islands of Scotland. A Royal Commission was, during the last Session of the Imperial Parliament, appointed to enquire into the matter, and its report is expected in a few days. The Agent of the Government in Glasgow (Mr. Graham) and the Agent of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company (Mr. Begg), were called upon to give evidence in connection with emigration, as a remedy for the difficulties that have been experienced, and as to the success which has attended previous experiments of the kind. In these discussions, the advantages of Canada have been well examined, and I believe that there is in Scotland, as in other portions of the United Kingdom, a growing feeling in favonr[sic] of the country. I cannot leave this subject without referring, in very high terms, to the work which has been carried out during the last year by Lady Gordon Cathcart, of Cluny. Her Ladyship, with whom my predecessor and myself have had correspondence through your Agent in Scotland, personally assisted a number of farmers to proceed to Manitoba; and, in the spring of last year, sent one or two responsible persons as pioneers of the party. They were taken in hand by your Department, and by the Canadian Pacific Railway, in a manner which cannot be spoken of too highly; the result being, that when the people who were following them arrived, they had homes to which to proceed, and lands ready for them to cultivate, in a district of which they, in their letters to their friends at home, and to the papers, spoke of in a very satisfactory manner. Lady Cathcart subsequently sent out two gentlemen, Mr. Peacock Edwards, her solicitor, and Mr. Ronald Macdonald, her factor, to enquire independently, into the position and prospects of the new colony, and the report they have made and published, is of the most favourable nature, and will probably lead to an extension of the experiment which her Ladyship has had the courage to try, relying only upon her own resources. In fact, a proposal is now before the public, with the idea of raising enough money to purchase land in Manitoba, and to assist persons to emigrate, under similar conditions to those adopted by Lady Cathcart.

The question of female emigration from the United Kingdom has been attracting considerable attention, and I would particularly refer to the operations of the "Women's Emigration Society," of which Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise is the partoness; to the excellent work with which the name of Mr. Vere Foster, of Belfast, is inseparably connected; and to the village homes which are being established in different parts of the country, the object of the latter being to train girls to domestic service, and to fit them especially for a colonial life.

The establishment of the Female Emigration Department at Quebec, and the appointment of Miss Richardson, were steps of much importance, and, together with the formation of ladies' committees in the principal cities in the Dominion, has been of great service in our endeavours to promote emigration of this kind. The principal difficulties in connection with the matter are as follows:--
1^st. Most of the Australian colonies give free passages.
2^nd. The want of money to pay the passage on the part of those desiring to proceed to Canada, and
3^rd. The difference in the supervision on board ship, and after arrival in the country, compared with Australia. It is right, however, I should add that the arrangements for female emigration by the Canadian Steamship Companies will compare favourably with those of any other steamers crossing the Atlantic. The causes have all operated to discourage female emigration to the Dominion, but I trust the arrangements of your Department, now in operation and in prospect, will tend gradually to the removal of the difficulties I have pointed out. For some years past the emigration of children, from the workhouses in Great Britain, to Canada, has been discouraged by the Imperial Government, in consequence of some unfavourable reports having been made as to the manner in which the young people were treated. I am glad to find that this feeling is now dying out, that the various ladies and gentlemen engaged in the work have been able to demonstrate to the Government its usefulness, and the success which has attended their efforts in the past. The President of the Local Government Board, Sir Charles Dilke, who takes a deep interest in the question, has recently issued a circular, notifying the intention of the Government to withdraw its opposition to the movement, and to permit of the recommencement of the work on a small scale, under properly organized conditions. This is probably the result of the action of your Department in undertaking the inspection of any children that may be sent tot he Dominion. I would specially mention also the endeavours of Mrs. Birt, Miss Macpherson, Miss Rye, Mr. Middlemore, Mr. Quarrier, and Dr. Stephenson, in connection with the training, education and emigration of children. Some fo the persons I have named included in their parties to the Dominion educated children taken from the workhouses, and undertook to place them in situations.

Several persons have, during the past year, visited Canada with a view to enquire into its suitability as a field for settlement, and among others I may mention Professor Tanner, the Delegates of the Welsh Quarrymen's Union, Cannon Cooper, Mr. Albert Bath of the West Kent Farmers Alliance, and many others. The gentlemen went more or less upon official missions, from associations with which they were connected, and have published excellent reports, but a far larger number (including Colonel Kingscote, M.P., Lord Denbigh and others) have been attracted to the Dominion as a new field of travel, and have expressed themselves favourably as to the advantages it offers. In connection with the distinguished persons, including Prince Hohenlohe, Count Gleichen, Lord Castletown and others who travelled over the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Rocky Mountains in the summer of last year, I may mention that Lord Castletown wrote a graphic and interesting letter to the Times, giving a very satisfactory and attractive description of the journey and of the country.

Appendix A

Return of Emigration from the Port of Liverpool, for the twelve months ending
31^st December, 1882 and 1883.

Destination	1882	1883	Increase	Decrease
United States	188,998	148,992	--	40,006
Quebec	32,468	26,661	--	5,807
Halifax	8,459	8,336	--	123
Australia	459	1,480	1,021	--
China	179	238	59	--
East Indies	1,303	1,297	--	6
West Indies	251	209	--	42
West Coast of Africa	704	775	71	--
South America	1,450	2,027	577	--
South Africa	31	10	--	21
	234,302	190,025	1,728	46,005
Net decrease				44,277

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